RESUMO O preço do algodão é determinado pela qualidade da fibra, que pode ser danificada no momento da colheita, além de perdas quantitativas de pluma não colhidas. Neste contexto, o estudo teve como objetivo analisar as perdas no solo e na planta e a qualidade da fibra de algodão em relação a cinco velocidades de colheita (5, 6, 7, 8 e 9 km h-1) no sistema de fusos. O experimento foi realizado em Lucas do Rio Verde, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Um delineamento de blocos completamente casualizados (DBC) foi usado em talhão de 0,9 ha, 20 parcelas, 5 velocidades e 4 repetições. Concluiu-se que as velocidades estudadas não influenciaram significativamente as perdas no solo e na planta e a qualidade da fibra de algodão, recomendando-se usar a velocidade mais alta.

ABSTRACT Cotton price is determined by the quality of the fiber, which can be damaged at the time of harvest, in addition to quantitative losses of non-harvested plume. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse soil and plant losses, and the quality of cotton fiber in relation to five harvest speeds (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 km h-1) in the spindle system (picker). The experiment was conducted in Lucas do Rio Verde, Mato Grosso, Brazil. A randomized complete block design was used on plots of 0.9 ha, with 20 plot, five speeds, and four blocks. The results showed that the studied speeds did not significantly influence losses on the soil and plant, or the quality of the cotton fiber; therefore, the highest speed may be recommended.

ABSTRACT Semi-mechanical and mechanical harvesting methods may influence the content of impurities in harvested sugarcane. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of three mechanical methods of sugarcane harvesting: one semi-mechanical, and two mechanical ones - self-performed and outsourced, during three working shifts. As quality indicators, both mineral and vegetal impurities were accounted. About 50 random samples were collected in the studied area during 35 harvest days and in three working shifts, for each harvesting method. Mineral impurities showed similar behavior for both self-performed and outsourced mechanical harvesting, thus displaying a low variability. On the other hand, vegetal impurities showed to be unstable for all three shifts. Additionally, the statistical process control analysis showed that the semi-mechanical method had the greatest variability.